The Nobel Prize

[Literature]

Sinclair Lewis (1930)

“for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters”

• Babbit / 배빗

Herman Hesse (1946)

“for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style”

• 데미안

John Steinbeck (1962)

“for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception”

【Peace】

George X. Marshall (1953)

Linus Pauling (1962)

“for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West”

Martin Luther King Jr. (1964)

Willy Brandt (1971)

“for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West”

Henry Kissinger (1973)

Mikhail Gorbachev (1990)

Nelson Mandela (1993)

김대중 대통령 (2000)

Barack H. Obama (2009)

【Physiology or Medicine】

Max Theiler, Yellow fever vaccine (1951)

Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson, Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins (1962)

“for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material”

Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman (2023)

“for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19”